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🌍 Irma Stern
- German Expressionism:• Stern’s early influences came from the Brücke group in Berlin, who rejected academic realism in favour of raw emotion, bold colour, and distorted form.
- She absorbed their intensity but applied it to African and Mediterranean subjects, creating a hybrid style.
- South African Modernism:• In the 1920s–40s, South Africa’s art world was still dominated by conservative, European‑style landscapes and portraits.
- Stern’s work was radical in both style and subject matter — she painted African sitters with dignity and individuality at a time when colonial attitudes often reduced them to stereotypes.
- Global Modernist Networks:• Exhibited in London, Paris, and Berlin alongside other modernists.
- Her travel journals and paintings brought African imagery into European galleries, influencing perceptions of the continent’s cultures.
🔍 Why Her Work Still Resonates
- Cultural Bridge: She navigated — and sometimes clashed with — the tensions between European modernism and African identity.
- Art Market Impact: Stern’s paintings remain among the highest‑selling works by African artists at auction.
- Contemporary Relevance: Modern curators revisit her work to discuss representation, colonial history, and the role of women.





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